Worlds Major Religions

The table below lists religions classified by philosophy; however, religious philosophy is not always the determining factor in local practice. Please note that this table includes heterodox movements as adherents to their larger philosophical category, although this may be disputed by others within that category. For example, Cao Đài is listed because it claims to be a separate category from Buddhism, while Hoa Hao is not, even though they are similar new religious movements.
The population numbers below are computed by a combination of census reports, random surveys (in countries where religion data is not collected in census, for example USA or France), and self-reported attendance numbers, but results can vary widely depending on the way questions are phrased, the definitions of religion used and the bias of the agencies or organizations conducting the survey. Informal or unorganized religions are especially difficult to count. Some organizations may wildly inflate their numbers.

Religious category	Number of followers (in millions)		Cultural tradition	Main regions covered
Christianity	2,000–2,200	[14]	Abrahamic religions	Predominant in the Western world (Europe, the Americas, Oceania), Sub-Saharan Africa, the Philippines, and East Timor in Southeast Asia. Minorities worldwide, see Christianity by country.
Islam	1,570–1,650	[15] [16]	Abrahamic religions	Middle East, Northern Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Western Africa, Malay Archipelago with large population centers existing in Eastern Africa, Balkan Peninsula, Russia and China.[17]
No religion	1,100	[18]	Secularism	Predominant in the Western world. Minorities worldwide, see Irreligion by country.
Hinduism	828–1,000	[19]	Indian religions	South Asia, Bali, Mauritius, Fiji, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, and among the overseas Indian communities.
Buddhism	400–1,500	[20] [21] [22]	Indian religions	South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and some regions of Russia.
Folk religions	600-3,000	[nb 1]	Folk religions	Africa, Asia, Americas
Chinese folk religions (including Taoism and Confucianism)	400-1,000	[23] [nb 1]	Chinese Religions	East Asia, Vietnam, Singapore and Malaysia.
Shinto	27–65	[24]	Japanese Religions	Japan
Sikhism	24–28	[25] [20]	Indian religions	Indian subcontinent, Australasia, Northern America, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and Western Europe.
Judaism	14–18	[20]	Abrahamic religions	Israel and the worldwide Jewish diaspora (mostly North America, South America, Europe, and Asia).
Jainism	8–12	[nb 2]	Indian religions	India, and East Africa.
Bahá'í Faith	7.6–7.9	[26] [27]	Abrahamic religions[nb 3]	Noted for being dispersed worldwide[28][29] but the top ten populations (amounting to about 60% of the Bahá'í World Faith adherents) are (in order of size of community) India, United States, Vietnam, Kenya, DR of the Congo, Philippines, Zambia, South Africa, Iran, Bolivia[30]
Cao Dai	1–3	[31]	Vietnamese Religions	Vietnam.
Cheondoism	3	[32]	Korean Religions	North and South Korea
Tenrikyo	2	[33]	Japanese Religions	Japan, Brazil.
Wicca	1	[34]	New Religious Movements	United States, Australia, Europe, Canada.
Church of World Messianity	1	[35]	Japanese Religions	Japan, Brazil
Seicho-no-Ie	0.8	[33]	Japanese Religions	Japan, Brazil.
Rastafari movement	0.7	[36]	New religious movements, Abrahamic religions	Jamaica, Caribbean, Africa.
Unitarian Universalism	0.63	[37]	New religious movements	United States, Canada, Europe.

Top 50 Most spoken world languages

Rank,	Countries2	Population3
language		(in millions)
1. Chinese, Mandarin	Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Singapore, S. Africa, Taiwan, Thailand	1120
2. English	Australia, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, India, Ireland, Israel, Lesotho, Liberia, Malaysia, Micronesia, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, S. Africa, Suriname, Swaziland, Tonga, U.K., U.S., Vanuatu, Zimbabwe, many Caribbean states, Zambia.	480
3. Spanish	Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Rep., Ecuador, El Salvador, Eq. Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Mexico, Morocco, Nicaragua, Niger, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, Togo, Tunisia, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela.	332
4. Arabic	Egypt, Sudan, ALgeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Lybia, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan, Yemen, UAE, Oman, Iraq, Lebanon	235
5. Bengali	Bangladesh, India, Singapore	189
6. Hindi	India, Nepal, Singapore, S. Africa, Uganda	182
7. Russian	Belarus, China, Estonia, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, U.S., Uzbekistan	180
8. Portuguese	Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, France, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe, Macau	170
9. Japanese	Japan, Singapore, Taiwan	125
10. German	Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland	98
11. Chinese, Wu	China	77.2
12. Javanese	Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore	75.5
13. Korean	China, Japan, N. Korea, S. Korea, Singapore, Thailand	75
14. French	Algeria, Andorra, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, France, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Laos, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Monaco, Morocco, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam	72
15. Turkish	Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Turkey, Uzbekistan	69
16. Vietnamese	China, Vietnam	67.7
17. Telugu	India, Singapore	66.4
18. Chinese, Yue(Cantonese)	Brunei, China, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Malaysia, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam	66
19. Marathi	India	64.8
20. Tamil	India, Malaysia, Mauritius, Singapore, S. Africa, Sri Lanka	63.1
21. Italian	Croatia, Eritrea, France, Italy, San Marino, Slovenia, Switzerland	59
22. Urdu	Afghanistan, India, Mauritius, Pakistan, S. Africa, Thailand	58
23. Chinese, Min Nan	Brunei, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand	49
24. Chinese, Jinyu	China	45
25. Gujarati	India, Kenya, Pakistan, Singapore, S. Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe	44
26. Polish	Czech Rep., Germany, Israel, Poland, Romania, Slovakia	44
27. Ukrainian	Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine	41
28. Persian	Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Oman, Qatar, Tajikistan, U A Emirates	37.3
29. Chinese, Xiang	China	36
30. Malayalam	India, Singapore	34
31. Chinese, Hakka	Brunei, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Panama, Singapore, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand	34
32. Kannada	India	33.7
33. Oriya	India	31
34. Panjabi, Western	India, Pakistan	30
35. Sunda	Indonesia	27
35. Panjabi, Eastern	India, Kenya, Singapore	26
36. Romanian	Hungary, Israel, Moldova, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Ukraine	26
37. Bhojpuri	India, Mauritius, Nepal	25
38. Azerbaijani, South	Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey	24.4
40. Maithili	India, Nepal	24.3
41. Hausa	Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo	24.2
43. Burmese	Bangladesh, Myanmar	22
44. Serbo-Croatian4	Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia	21
45. Chinese, Gan	China	20.6
46. Awadhi	India, Nepal	20.5
47. Thai	Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia	20
48. Dutch	Belgium, France, Netherlands, Suriname	20
49. Yoruba	Benin, Nigeria	20
50. Sindhi	Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Singapore	19.7

List of Presidents of France

Presidents

#	Picture	Name	Term of Office; Electoral mandates		Political Party
18		Charles de Gaulle[18]	8 January 1959	28 April 1969	Union for the New Republic
			1958, 1965
			President of the Provisional Government 1944–1946. Appointed President of the Council by René Coty in May 1958, to resolve the crisis of the Algerian War. He adopted a new Constitution, thus founding the Fifth Republic. Easily elected President in the 1958 election by electoral college, he took office the following month; he was re-elected by universal suffrage in the 1965 election. In 1966, he withdrew France from NATO integrated military command, and expelled the American bases on French soil. Having refused to step down during the crisis of May 1968, he finally resigned following the failure of the 1969 referendum on regionalisation.
—		Alain Poher[19] (interim)	28 April 1969	20 June 1969	Democratic Centre
			Interim President, as President of the Senate.
19		Georges Pompidou[20]	20 June 1969	2 April 1974	Union of Democrats for the Republic
			1969
			Prime Minister under Charles de Gaulle 1962–1968. Elected President in the 1969 election against the centrist Alain Poher. Favoured European integration. Supported economic modernisation and industrialisation. Faced the 1973 oil crisis. Died in office of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, two years before the end of his mandate.
—		Alain Poher[19] (interim)	2 April 1974	27 May 1974	Democratic Centre
			Interim President, as President of the Senate.
20		Valéry Giscard d'Estaing[21]	27 May 1974	21 May 1981	Independent Republicans (1974–1977) Union for French Democracy-Republican Party (1977–1981)
			1974
			Founder of the FNRI and later the UDF in his efforts to unify the centre-right, he served in several Gaullist governments. Narrowly elected in the 1974 election, he instigated numerous reforms, including the lowering of the age of civil majority from 21 to 18, and the legalisation of abortion. He soon faced a global economic crisis and rising unemployment. Although the polls initially gave him a lead, he was beaten in the 1981 election by François Mitterrand, partly due to the disunion within the right wing.
21		François Mitterrand[22]	21 May 1981	17 May 1995	Socialist Party
			1981, 1988
			Candidate of a united left-wing ticket in the 1965 election, he founded the Socialist Party in 1971. Having narrowly lost the 1974 election, he was finally elected in the 1981 election. He instigated several reforms (abolition of the death penalty, a fifth week of paid leave for employees). After the right-wing victory in the 1986 legislative elections, he named Jacques Chirac Prime Minister, thus beginning the first cohabitation. Re-elected in the 1988 election against Chirac, he was again forced to cohabit with Édouard Balladur following the 1993 legislative elections. He retired at the 1995 election. He was the first President elected twice by universal suffrage, he remains the only left-wing President of the Fifth Republic, and his Presidential tenure was the longest of the Fifth Republic.
22		Jacques Chirac[23]	17 May 1995	16 May 2007	Rally for the Republic (1995–2002) Union for a Popular Movement (2002–2007)
			1995, 2002
			Prime Minister 1974–1976; on resignation, founded the RPR. Eliminated in the first round of the 1981 election, he again served as Prime Minister 1986–1988. Beaten in the 1988 election, he was elected in the 1995 election. He engaged in social reforms to counter "social fracture". In 1997, he dissolved the Assemblée nationale; a left-wing victory in the 1997 legislative elections, forced him to name Lionel Jospin Prime Minister for a five-year cohabitation. Presidential terms reduced from seven to five years. In 2002, he was re-elected against the leader of the extreme right-wing Jean-Marie Le Pen. Opposed the Iraq War. He did not run in 2007, he retired from political life and returned to the Conseil constitutionnel.
23		Nicolas Sarkozy[24]	16 May 2007	Incumbent	Union for a Popular Movement
			2007
			Held various ministerial posts 1993–1995 and 2002–2007. Leader of the UMP since 2004. In the 2007 election, he topped the first round poll, and was elected in the second round against Ségolène Royal. Soon after taking office, he introduced the French fiscal package of 2007 and other laws to counter illegal immigration and recidivism. President of the Council of the EU in 2008, he defended the Treaty of Lisbon and mediated in the South Ossetia War; at national level, he had to deal with the financial crisis and its consequences. Following the 2008 constitutional reform, he became the first President since Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte to address the Versailles Congress on 22 June 2009. President of the G8 and the G20 in 2011.

List of Presidents of People Republic of China

This is a list of the Presidents of the Republic of China (1912–present). The Republic of China is now commonly known as "Taiwan" due to the Taiwan currently making up almost all of its de-facto territory. The Republic of China President is called 總統 (zǒngtǒng), and from 1912–1928, 大總統 (dàzǒngtǒng).
All the names on this list follow the Eastern convention with the family name first and given name second.
      Non-Partisan       Tongmenghui       Beiyang clique       Progressive       Kuomintang (Nationalist)       Democratic Progressive

#	President			Took office	Left office	Party	Vice President	Term
	Romanized	Hanzi (T/S)	Picture
Provisional Government (January 1, 1912 - October 10, 1913)
1	Sun Yat-sen	孫文 / 孙文		January 1, 1912	April 1, 1912	Tongmenghui	Li Yuanhong	—
2	Yuan Shikai	袁世凱 / 袁世凯		March 10, 1912	October 10, 1913	Beiyang clique	Li Yuanhong	—
Beiyang Government (October 10, 1913 - June 2, 1928)
1	Yuan Shikai	袁世凱 / 袁世凯		October 10, 1913	June 6, 1916[1]	Beiyang clique	Li Yuanhong	1
2	Li Yuanhong	黎元洪		June 7, 1916	July 17, 1917[2]	Progressive	Feng Guozhang
3	Feng Guozhang	馮國璋 / 冯国璋		July 17, 1917	October 10, 1918	Zhili clique	vacant
4	Xu Shichang	徐世昌		October 10, 1918	June 2, 1922	Anhui clique	vacant	2
-	Zhou Ziqi (acting)	周自齊		June 2, 1922	June 11, 1922	Communications Clique	vacant
5	Li Yuanhong	黎元洪		June 11, 1922	June 13, 1923	Research Clique	vacant
-	Gao Lingwei (acting)	高凌霨		June 14, 1923	October 10, 1923	—	vacant
6	Cao Kun	曹錕 / 曹锟		October 10, 1923	November 2, 1924	Zhili clique	vacant	3
-	Huang Fu (acting)	黃郛		November 2, 1924	November 24, 1924	—	vacant
-	Duan Qirui (acting)[3]	段祺瑞		November 24, 1924	April 20, 1926	Anhui clique	vacant
-	Hu Weide (acting)	胡惟德		April 20, 1926	May 13, 1926	—	vacant
-	Yan Huiqing (acting)	顏惠慶		May 13, 1926	June 22, 1926	—	vacant
-	Du Xigui (acting)	杜錫珪		June 22, 1926	October 1, 1926	Zhili clique	vacant
-	V.K. Wellington Koo (acting)	顧維鈞 / 顾维钧		October 1, 1926	June 17, 1927	—	vacant
-	Zhang Zuolin (acting)[4]	張作霖		June 18, 1927	June 2, 1928	Fengtian clique	vacant
Post abolished: June 2, 1928 - October 10, 1928 Nationalist Government (October 10, 1928 - May 20, 1948)[5]
-	Chiang Kai-shek	蔣中正 / 蒋中正		October 10, 1928	December 15, 1931	Kuomintang	—	—
-	Lin Sen	林森		December 15, 1931	August 1, 1943	Kuomintang	—	—
-	Chiang Kai-shek	蔣中正 / 蒋中正		August 1, 1943	May 20, 1948	Kuomintang	—	—
After 1947 Constitution (May 20, 1948 - May 20, 1996)
1	Chiang Kai-shek	蔣中正 / 蒋中正		May 20, 1948	January 21, 1949	Kuomintang	Li Zongren	1
	Li Zongren (acting)	李宗仁		January 21, 1949	March 1, 1950	Kuomintang	vacant
	Chiang Kai-shek	蔣中正 / 蒋中正		March 1, 1950	May 20, 1954	Kuomintang	Li Zongren
				May 20, 1954	May 20, 1960		Chen Cheng[6]	2
				May 20, 1960	May 20, 1966			3
							vacant
				May 20, 1966	May 20, 1972		Yen Chia-kan	4
				May 20, 1972	April 5, 1975			5
2	Yen Chia-kan	嚴家淦 / 严家淦		April 6, 1975	May 20, 1978	Kuomintang	vacant
3	Chiang Ching-kuo	蔣經國 / 蒋经国		May 20, 1978	May 20, 1984	Kuomintang	Hsieh Tung-min	6
				May 20, 1984	January 13, 1988		Lee Teng-hui	7
4	Lee Teng-hui	李登輝 / 李登辉		January 13, 1988	May 20, 1990	Kuomintang	vacant
				May 20, 1990	May 20, 1996		Li Yuan-zu	8
Direct Democratic Election (May 20, 1996–present)
4	Lee Teng-hui	李登輝 / 李登辉		May 20, 1996	May 20, 2000	Kuomintang	Lien Chan	9
5	Chen Shui-bian	陳水扁 / 陈水扁		May 20, 2000	May 20, 2004	Democratic Progressive	Annette Lu	10
				May 20, 2004	May 20, 2008			11
6	Ma Ying-jeou	馬英九 / 马英九		May 20, 2008	Incumbent (Term expires May 20, 2012)	Kuomintang	Vincent Siew	12

Leaders of Russia since 1991

#	Name	Picture	Took office	Left office	Political Party	Signature	Term
1	Boris Yeltsin		10 July 1991 (Inaugurated)	9 August 1996	None (Supported by the Democratic Party of Russia)		1
			9 August 1996 (Inaugurated)	31 December 1999 (Resigned)	None		2
—	Vladimir Putin (Acting)[7]		31 December 1999	7 May 2000	None
2	Vladimir Putin		7 May 2000 (Inaugurated)	7 May 2004			3
			7 May 2004 (Inaugurated)	7 May 2008			4
3	Dmitry Medvedev		7 May 2008 (Inaugurated)	Incumbent End of term: 7 May 2012	None (Supported by United Russia)		5

List of Presidents Of USA

Presidents name                            Presidential term
01      President Washington, George          (1789-1797)
02      President Adams, John         (1797-1801)
03      President Jefferson, Thomas         (1801-1809)
04      President Madison, James         (1809-1817)
05      President Monroe, James         (1817-1825)
06      President Adams, John Quincy         (1825-1829)
07      President Jackson, Andrew         (1829-1837)
08      President Van Buren, Martin         (1837-1841)
09      President Harrison, William Henry         (1841)
10      President Tyler, John         (1841-1845)
11      President Polk, James Knox         (1845-1849)
12      President Taylor, Zachary         (1849-1850)
13      President Fillmore, Millard         (1850-1853)
14      President Pierce, Franklin         (1853-1857)
15      President Buchanan, James         (1857-1861)
16      President Lincoln, Abraham         (1861-1865)
17      President Johnson, Andrew         (1865-1869)
18      President Grant, Ulysses S.         (1869-1877)
19      President Hayes, Rutherford Birchard         (1877-1881)
20      President Garfield, James Abram         (1881)
21      President Arthur, Chester Alan         (1881-1885)
22      President Cleveland, Grover         (1885-1889)
23      President Harrison, Benjamin         (1889-1893)
24      President Cleveland, Grover         (1893-1897)
25      President McKinley, William         (1897-1901)
26      President Roosevelt, Theodore         (1901-1909)
27      President Taft, William Howard         (1909-1913)
28      President Wilson, Woodrow         (1913-1921)
29      President Harding, Warren Gamaliel         (1921-1923)
30      President Coolidge, Calvin         (1923-1929)
31      President Hoover, Herbert Clark         (1929-1933)
32      President Roosevelt, Franklin Delano         (1933-1945)
33      President Truman, Harry         (1945-1953)
34      President Eisenhower, Dwight David         (1953-1961)
35      President Kennedy, John Fitzgerald         (1961-1963)
36      President Johnson, Lyndon Baines         (1963-1969)
37      President Nixon, Richard Milhous         (1969-1974)
38      President Ford, Gerald Rudolph         (1974-1977)
39      President Carter, James Earl Jr.         (1977-1981
40      President Reagan, Ronald Wilson         (1981-1989)
41      President Bush, George Herbert Walker         (1989-1993)
42      President Clinton, William Jefferson         (1993-2001)
43      President Bush, George Walker         (2001-2009)
44      President Obama, Barack Hussein         (2009-present)